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Adobe Changes Its Tune On Forcing Paid Upgrade To Fix Security Flaws 90

wiredmikey writes with a followup to Thursday's news that Adobe was recommending paid software upgrades in lieu of fixing security holes in some of its applications. After receiving criticism for the security bulletin, Adobe changed its mind and announced that it's developing patches to fix the vulnerabilities. "Developing a patch, especially for three different applications, can be costly and time consuming. Developing these patches consumes development resources, then must run through a QA process, and the patch needs to be communicated and distributed to users. And for a company like Adobe with a massive customer base using its Photoshop, Illustrator, and Flash Professional, the bandwidth cost alone can be substantial. For a popular product that was just over two years old, providing a fix to address a serious security flaw its what customers deserve. And while Adobe may have originally tried to sneak by without addressing the issue and pushing users to upgrade to its new product, the company made the right move in the end."
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Adobe Changes Its Tune On Forcing Paid Upgrade To Fix Security Flaws

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  • Boohoo (Score:5, Insightful)

    by SuperMog2002 ( 702837 ) on Saturday May 12, 2012 @01:38PM (#39980001)

    Developing these patches consumes development resources, then must run through a QA process, and the patch needs to be communicated and distributed to users. And for a company like Adobe with a massive customer base using its Photoshop, Illustrator, and Flash Professional, the bandwidth cost alone can be substantial.

    Boohoo. Welcome to software development.

    • Re:Boohoo (Score:5, Insightful)

      by david.emery ( 127135 ) on Saturday May 12, 2012 @01:42PM (#39980035)

      Well, maybe Adobe runs independent codebases for their projects, so some poor schmuck coder has to go to each projectbase, check out the offending file(s), and make the changes. That would run counter to a Product Line Approach as recommended by the SEI... :-)

      Of course, if Adobe would tighten up on their security coding practices, they wouldn't have these problems in the first place. But judging by Flash's patch history, that's too much to ask.

      • Re:Boohoo (Score:4, Interesting)

        by jhoegl ( 638955 ) on Saturday May 12, 2012 @02:18PM (#39980339)
        And that is the point... what incentive is there for Adobe to make sure there are little to none security flaws when they make consumers pay for the "fixes"?
        None of course, and can even breed a corporate strategy of "who can hide the best security flaw so we force people to upgrade?".
        • And that is the point... what incentive is there for Adobe to make sure there are little to none security flaws when they make consumers pay for the "fixes"?

          None of course, and can even breed a corporate strategy of "who can hide the best security flaw so we force people to upgrade?".

          Kinda... If Adobe had its sh*t together, it would make even more money through a reasonable approach that allowed them to fix once and charge multiple separate product upgrades. But I don't think Adobe's that smart. When it comes to the free Acrobat Reader, Adobe's lost a lot of market share, at least on Macs where PDF viewing and distilling is built into the OS/Apple applications. Acrobat Reader bugs don't generate income for Adobe, but they certainly generate negative perception/goodwill (which accou

      • Well, maybe Adobe runs independent codebases for their projects, so some poor schmuck coder has to go to each projectbase, check out the offending file(s), and make the changes.

        If they need to make the changes in more than one place then their code structure is broken anyway and they should fix it in their own interest. Never mind that they benefit from giving away their free software and should recognize the cost of doing so as a legitimate business expense.

      • Not a chance. Too expensive to do that.

    • Re:Boohoo (Score:5, Insightful)

      by lightknight ( 213164 ) on Saturday May 12, 2012 @01:44PM (#39980055) Homepage

      Seriously. We're talking about Adobe, which ranks up there with Oracle, MS, and friends. If they can all create security patches for their last several major products, as well as the variations for each, then Adobe can do the same.

      And if you want to do something about bandwidth, just integrate a Bit torrent client into the downloader, like, I don't know, a fair number of other companies have done.

      What more, Adobe has a really sorry record for security, plus some infamy associated with its upgrades. Adobe Acrobat Reader is constantly updating itself, to deal with security issues, which all, apparently, need a system reboot (why does an application like this need a system reboot, I wonder).

      • by tepples ( 727027 ) <tepplesNO@SPAMgmail.com> on Saturday May 12, 2012 @02:20PM (#39980357) Homepage Journal

        why does an application like [Adobe Reader] need a system reboot, I wonder

        Because Adobe Reader installs a plug-in into Firefox and IE. If either of those programs is running, even if in a disconnected session (Fast User Switching), an upgrade to a plug-in cannot complete because the plug-in's shared library is open for execution. And on some versions of Windows, I seem to remember that IE plug-ins can run inside Windows Explorer, and Windows Explorer is always running if a user is logged in.

        • That should only require a restart of the browser, not the whole OS. Plenty of other software manages this just fine.

          • I seem to remember that IE plug-ins can run inside Windows Explorer

            That should only require a restart of the browser, not the whole OS.

            Windows Explorer is the browser, and it's running whenever anyone's logged into the OS.

            • by Rutulian ( 171771 ) on Saturday May 12, 2012 @06:52PM (#39981919)

              Nope. Not since IE7 and WinXP SP2. Explorer.exe and iexplore.exe are two independent processes.

              • by dkf ( 304284 )

                But what libraries do they share? What configurations? If the Reader DLL plugs into both, an install is going to need a reboot (because of how Windows locks loaded libraries).

                • by Anonymous Coward

                  But what libraries do they share? What configurations? If the Reader DLL plugs into both, an install is going to need a reboot (because of how Windows locks loaded libraries).

                  They don't share anything. WinExplorer uses the IE library as part of its rendering (not sure if they do that in Win7/Vista still) but its an embedded instance which doesn't load plugins.

                  The likely problem is what Microsoft calls a "Shell Extension" which is a DLL that is loaded into Windows Explorer to provide some random extension like a new context menu, custom icon overlays or document previews when you highlight a file. Adobe probably has one of these which is why the reboot is needed. Of course "neede

      • Exactly. From the perspective of a pretty average user, Adobe has been my largest source of PC headaches for the last four years.
      • Seriously. We're talking about Adobe, which ranks up there with Oracle, MS, and friends. If they can all create security patches for their last several major products, as well as the variations for each, then Adobe can do the same.

        Your logic doesn't follow. Adobe has consistently demonstrated their massive inability, not their astounding ability, in every area other than marketing.

    • No shit (Score:5, Insightful)

      by Sycraft-fu ( 314770 ) on Saturday May 12, 2012 @02:32PM (#39980435)

      Look Adobe, I'd be in your corner if this were Photoshop 5, like pre CS days, we were talking about here. If people were saying "You have to go fix something from 1998 because we won't upgrade!" I'd be along with you saying "Look people, stop being cheap bastards, get out the wallet, and buy new software at least once a decade, that's not unreasonable."

      However we are talking about CS5, as in the last major, released only 2 years ago (CS5.5 is a more minor update, and shares the same codename). You need to at least put out security fixes for the last version, support it for a few years. I don't expect you to do any feature updates, but security updates are not too much to ask.

      Also they want to wine about time, QA, and bandwidth? Give Microsoft a ring, see how it goes for them supporting OSes for 10+ years (OSes that cost less than a single CS program I might add), doing regression testing against thousands of pieces of hardware and software, and then distributing them to the majority of computer users in the world. They seem to get on fine and still make billions, so I'm going to say you can put on the big boy pants Adobe, and patch this fucking issue.

      P.S. Don't when to me about bandwidth when you offer downloadable trials of shit. A patch is going to be a couple hundred MB maybe, and more likely less. Your trial downloads can be GBs. You have bandwidth you whiny shits.

      • The situation surrounding Adobe software upgrades is pretty ridiculous. I work for a large independent Apple retailer that happens to do a lot of "pro services" business with things like video production companies and recording studios. Just about the only time a customer upgrades their Adobe CS is when they've bought new hardware that comes with a new OS version that their existing Creative Suite won't run on. Graphic designers tell me that everything they do in Photoshop CS6 they've been doing the same wa
        • That probably explains why they don't seem to have a "save as previous version's file format". I needed to try out indesign and got the 30 day free trial. Aside from being buggy and fragile, it also doesn't have a "save as indesign for cs4" so when I was trying to work with someone who was on CS4 and send files back and forth, it was a one-way process-- once it's in the CS5.5 version the CS4 version can't read it.

          • I remember at least one graphic design studio client (they never seem to catch a break) that was forced to upgrade because of precisely this problem. They were dealing with either other studios or their own clients and were having file compatibility problems between CS4 and 5.
    • LMAO STFU Adobe. ^^^ needs mod points. Adobe = security patches are our business model. Sure we'll let you torrent all our software but you'll pay in the end.
    • by zalas ( 682627 )

      Well, Adobe isn't exactly complaining or crying about it since Adobe didn't write the lines quoted in the summary; the writer over at Security Week did. It seems the only thing we got out of Adobe so far is that now they're working on it.

    • On the other hand, how long should a company support someone who made a one-time purchase of software two-years ago, with the understanding that it was being bought as-is?

      It's all well and good to say "get over it", but that doesn't address the question.

      • Re:Boohoo (Score:5, Insightful)

        by Anonymous Brave Guy ( 457657 ) on Saturday May 12, 2012 @08:17PM (#39982349)

        If you're going to start playing the "as-is" card then I'm going to start playing the "fit for purpose" card. If it's a one-time purchase of software and what I get in the box is all I ever get, that means your software must do its job properly without any showstopping bugs, and must not damage my system in any way or create any security vulnerabilities.

        If your software does have bugs that stop me from using it for its intended purpose, you can refund me the full purchase price and any additional costs for consequential losses to clean up the mess. And if your software is not 100% secure, you can have unlimited liability for any consequential losses caused by your negligence, just like any other product. Oh, by the way, I've got 10 expert witnesses who will testify that you could have made your software much more secure if you'd only spent more money on its development, chosen better tools, and followed better processes, so we'll be seeking punitive damages as well if they apply in your jurisdiction because you cheaped out instead of doing real engineering as befits a product with that price tag.

        A lot of people have argued that giving liability to software makers for substandard products is somehow unreasonable, because software development just doesn't work like that. I think it's a relatively weak argument anyway, because while there is an element of truth to it and software engineering certainly isn't as well-developed a field as the major physical engineering disciplines, a lot of software bugs clearly are avoidable and leaving them in really is some combination of negligence or deliberate cost-cutting at the expense of quality. In any case, we are in the Internet era, when avoidable security screw-ups can cause very substantial damage to customers far beyond the purchase cost of the software. I think it's blatant mockery to make an argument that liability for shipping a flawed product is unfair because of the "reality" of the industry, yet then to claim with a straight face that customers are not entitled to ongoing updates to fix any security vulnerabilities or bugs in advertised functionality, free of charge and on the same terms as the original purchase, as such problems are discovered throughout the reasonably expected lifetime of the software.

    • And for a company like Adobe with a massive customer base using its Photoshop, Illustrator, and Flash Professional, the bandwidth cost alone can be substantial.

      Seriously? What's the bandwidth cost for an update vs. the cost of that copy of the product? Like 3 cents vs Umm I dunno what those professional products cost, but I'm sure the bandwidth cost is essentially nothing in comparison.

    • Comment removed based on user account deletion
  • by Anonymous Coward

    Way to sound like a dick even when you're doing the right thing.

  • Write fewer bugs. (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Alex Belits ( 437 ) * on Saturday May 12, 2012 @01:41PM (#39980029) Homepage

    Developing a patch, especially for three different applications, can be costly and time consuming. Developing these patches consumes development resources, then must run through a QA process, and the patch needs to be communicated and distributed to users. And for a company like Adobe with a massive customer base using its Photoshop, Illustrator, and Flash Professional, the bandwidth cost alone can be substantial.

    You know what is cheaper? Hiring developers with a clue, so they won't write bugs by the bucketload.

  • massive sales (Score:5, Insightful)

    by gbjbaanb ( 229885 ) on Saturday May 12, 2012 @01:43PM (#39980053)

    And for a company like Adobe with a massive customer base using its Photoshop, Illustrator, and Flash Professional, the bandwidth cost alone can be substantial

    you know what, if they such a massive customer basse, then they would have already made massive profits from those 'massive' sales. So the company just forgot to factor in the percentage for maintenance from those sales.

    Its a bit pathetic really, unless their development costs are so great - but then I'd say the management and developers are at fault, patching isn't a particularly difficult task once you've done the fixes for the current version anyway.

    • Re:massive sales (Score:5, Interesting)

      by dgatwood ( 11270 ) on Saturday May 12, 2012 @02:13PM (#39980301) Homepage Journal

      Dude. It's Adobe. Judging from their outward appearance, I suspect that their management chain actively discourages fixing bugs because it gets in the way of adding new bloat... err... features.

      For example, we've been complaining that the entire CS suite fails to work correctly on case-sensitive HFS+ since... well, since support was introduced back in 10.4. To this day, their shovelware still does not work on Macs so configured. This problem is entirely caused by Adobe being too damn lazy to fix their build scripts to use correct capitalization during the linking phase—a set of fixes that would take at most a couple of hours for a single competent engineer to fix using shell scripts and sed. And some folks have been complaining about this serious flaw in their products for seven years now.

      Even more hilariously, Adobe blames Apple, claiming that there are dozens of compiler bugs that they've reported that haven't been fixed, which prevent them from fixing this problem. However, thousands of companies out there have no trouble working on case-sensitive volumes. Likewise, random users have gone through and created symbolic links to work around Adobe's typos and have been able to get it working, which completely invalidates Adobe's ludicrous claims.

      Frankly, given how long it has taken them to fix something that simple, it'll be a ***king miracle if Adobe fixes this security bug in less than a decade. After all, if it takes them that long to fix something that would take me a few minutes, they either have to have the most complicated, snarled pile of source control ever seen in the history of the universe or they're all grossly incompetent beyond measure, neither of which inspires much confidence in this security fix for me.

      Screw Adobe. The only thing that could make their software quality any worse would be if they got bought by Symantec.

      • Dude. It's Adobe. Judging from their outward appearance, I suspect that their management chain actively discourages fixing bugs because it gets in the way of adding new bloat... err... features.

        Yes, that's a very nice summary, and our experience as well. It seems that each new upgrade aims to add bullet points to their feature list, once a bullet is on there, Adobe doesn't give a flying fuck whether it actually works well or not. If it doesn't work well expect to have to upgrade in order to see improvements (or not). To your examples I'll add epub export, which has been a "feature" since CS3, and as of CS5.5 it's still *horrible*. Image handling has actually degraded from CS4 (no "Keep original" a

        • by dgatwood ( 11270 )

          Yeah, that XOR mangling is intended to be a lightweight DRM to make it slightly harder to copy fonts out of an EPUB, but no EPUB readers support it except Adobe Digital Editions, AFAIK—possibly the Nook reader, since that is based on ADE, but I haven't tried it.

  • This just in: Companies would rather you throw money at them to fix products that are badly designed as well as throw money at them to get features. Long-time pirate girlintraining had this to say on the news "Pirate Bay has better support, current patches, and can be had quicker and with less hassle than how Adobe sells its own products. I wouldn't be opposed to paying for the product once, but after that, if you screw it up, I'm going to another vendor of your product." Adobe spokespersons had no immedia

  • No company can beat public shame except MPAA.
  • by wickerprints ( 1094741 ) on Saturday May 12, 2012 @01:51PM (#39980131)

    So what it if it costs you money? It's your error, and your responsibility to fix it. We're not talking about a version that you stopped selling years and years ago. We're talking about a version that stopped selling only recently--in fact, more recently than when the security flaw was reported.

    What are you doing with the several hundreds of dollars each licensee pays you for a copy of Photoshop? Or the $2000 that they pay for an edition of CS? Wiping your asses with it? Rolling it into a joint and letting your developers smoke it?

    Adobe (like another tech company that starts with an "A") was once a stand-up company. Ironically, the CEO of that "other company" accused Adobe of being LAZY. And he was 100% correct. Lazy and bloated and coasting on their monopoly success. Again, the principle holds: the more trust and power the consumer gives to a corporation, the more they will abuse it.

  • Cry me a river... (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Lohrno ( 670867 ) on Saturday May 12, 2012 @02:02PM (#39980199)

    The base non-student version of their software costs 1299.

    I do not want to hear ANY complaints about money from them with that kind of audacity.

    • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

      The base non-student version of their software costs 1299.

      So if according to the RIAA a $0.50 song is worth $80000 when uploaded via P2P that means each uploaded copy of Photoshop is worth over $200 billion. Adobe must be losing trillions of dollars, no wonder they can't afford to do bug fixes or hire competent programmers.

  • is so that consumers might realize the truth... that Microsoft is actually a decent software company that benefits technology markets and humankind immensely. Apple is not the new old Microsoft, because Apple never floods markets with crappy products. Adobe, however, really is and has been the new old Microsoft. (And I apologize that this comment is so obvious its hardly worth making.)
    • by Lohrno ( 670867 )

      MS has their own faults as well, but yes, credit where it's due.

      Other than possibly IE (which has gotten better) I can't think of much to complain about MS doing lately. Possibly because I've been doing Apple development heh... I can think of some things Apple does which piss me off a bit - device limits in iTunes, their provisioning scheme, xCode not being very snappy... but you're right, I can't really say Apple is the old MS...

      • While Mr. Gates was always a personal hero of mine, I used to hate Microsoft with passion. Now, I only hate Windows, and give Microsoft a pass, because Microsoft also made Active-Directory, Exchange, and XBox... almost makes up for Windows, and for all the good companies with better product they ran out of business in the mid/late 90's. Also, Linux and the OSS community tends to mitigate how crappy Windows is, by fixing pretty much everything that is broken in Windows, or that Windows broke.
    • Apple ... never ... crappy....?

      I guess you never owned a Nubus PowerPC Mac running MacOS 8.

      • MMMMM x100 series powermacs. Actually 8100 with G3 card was surprisingly a good machine.
      • And apparently, neither did you. I owned several, liked them all.

        • You were in a minority. I had an 8100. These POS machines were horribly unstable, and much of the software running on them was emulated making performance crap. Not only that but there were few add ons available because of the poorly supported NuBus.

          And despite the nice CPU the OS architecture was still based on an schlock memory and multitasking model.

          The fact is these were the worst architected and poorest performing machines I've ever owned.

  • They made the right move... after they got curbstomped by public opinion. No doubt they would have maintained their original position without external impetus to change it.

    Sad bit is this appears to just be a bug in whatever custom tiff library they wrote; fix bug, recompile applications, if need be, then test everything tiff related. Not really a demanding undertaking. Given the exorbitant prices they charge for PS and friends, the very least they can do is keep them patched when yet another security h
    • Except is probably a bug in a library that was first developed for PS 7 when the redid the code base.

      This means it's likely in CS1, CS2, CS4 as well as CS5.

      Oopsie.

  • Tell you what, Adobe. I'll pay for security patches to your near-ubiquitous software products if you accept criminal liability for any damages incurred if I get keylogged and my bank accounts emptied/credit cards stolen/identity stolen/network compromised as a result of an Adobe software flaw that led to me being exploited.

    Deal?
  • by 10101001 10101001 ( 732688 ) on Saturday May 12, 2012 @02:17PM (#39980335) Journal

    "Developing a patch, especially for three different applications, can be costly and time consuming. Developing these patches consumes development resources, then must run through a QA process, ..."

    Developing software, especially three different applications, can be costly and time consuming. Developing software consumes development resources, then must run through a QA process (which obviously failed here) ...

    ... and the patch needs to be communicated and distributed to users. ...

    .. and creating a marketing campaign and distribution channels is a large and complex process. ...

    ... And for a company like Adobe with a massive customer base using its Photoshop, Illustrator, and Flash Professional, the bandwidth cost alone can be substantial. ...

    ditto

    ... For a popular product that was just over two years old, providing a fix to address a serious security flaw its what customers deserve. ...

    Creating stable, secure products is what customers deserve.

    ... And while Adobe may have originally tried to sneak by without addressing the issue and pushing users to upgrade to its new product, the company made the right move in the end."

    Adobe may want to cut corners, but in the end, they don't have the lock-in to really piss their customers off. A lot of their larger consumers (corporations) who were planning to upgrade by choice who felt they were being made to by Adobe's decision now have reason to reconsider, even if they "made the right move in the end". Because who knows if they'll "[make] the right move in the end" the next time? The one good thing? Journalism and popular opinion made a difference.

    PS - It's really hard to not be overly snarky, since Adobe's very business is software development. So, trying to spin it as some sort of extra cost to do patching seems even more absurd than all those businesses which could at least say that IT and software development is there for support to do their job and not as an end in itself. Given how much of Adobe's business is in high ticket software, it's especially hard to understand why they were so slow to be committed to support, since beyond the direct software itself, one presumes the high price is tied to a commitment. Certainly, it's the other way around--even corporations with middle management mostly shielded from their decisions don't seem likely to blow potentially millions on a product and a company who, in company terms, will disappear support-wise overnight. I mean, isn't it just standard process in most companies to, even if they're internally dead-set against doing work on an issue, to smile politely and say how they will/are looking into the issue? Otherwise, you may end up with a PR snafu.

  • by SmallFurryCreature ( 593017 ) on Saturday May 12, 2012 @02:19PM (#39980351) Journal

    Do these companies even hire a PR expert anymore? EA/Bioware recently made a big mistake as well. With their MMO SWTOR they have been having some small problems. The game is boring all around and end-game is non-existent. So... they came up with an idea. How about we give everyone, regardless of how long they played a free month... BUT only if they reached level 50...

    Reaching level 50 since launch isn't that hard to be honest HOWEVER it is not how some PAYING customers play MMO's. Especially since one you are there, there is nothing to do. Some play lots of alts, some play very infrequent. BOTH these groups PAY. But customers with an account a month old who grinded to 50 got a free month, customer who subscribed since launch did not.

    There was much outrage and Bioware/EA relented and made the condition level 10 legacy which is still forcing you to play for level but doesn't require you to play an account till level 50 but one to (25 or something when legacy points start counting) and then you can play as many alts (on a single server) as you want.

    IT IS STILL A FUCKING STUPID bit of logic but far few people didn't qualify because of it.

    And all this? A promotion campaign to keep paying customers from leaving a game that is considered unfinished (what is there works, there just isn't a lot there, it is one of the most bare-boned MMO's I ever seen. Blizzard refined Sony's Everquest and made it into WoW. Bioware put WoW through a filter and published it as SWTOR sadly all the taste was left behind in the filter. It is a very smooth drink, but then so is a glass of water. But I ordered Whiskey!) and so why the qualification of how many XP points of whatever kind a player accumilated. PAYED subscribers are the ones you hope to keep, so, let the qualifier be, payed subscribers.

    No, I am not just going off topic, basic PR is like basic laywer advice. SHUT THE FUCK UP. In any case, your lawyer will tell you to keep your fucking mouth shut. Let your lawyer speak for you and even then, 9 times out of 10 the best thing to say is NOTHING.

    Neither of these fuckup's should have gotten past PR, there is no way anyone with a brain could not see the shit storm these announcements would raise while accomplishing NOTHING. I do not use Photoshop and I wasn't unhappy with SWTOR... BOTH these PR goofballs made my blood boil with nerd rage and you can find me ranting my impotent rage on the net...

    Someone somewhere could have done cost benefit analysis and reasoned out that simply fixing the bug and simply giving all accounts of say 2 months a free month would have cost far less and would have given them POSITIVE feedback rather then now it costing MORE and leaving a NEGATIVE impression.

    PR isn't about spinning things, it is about effective communication with the public (as said, I am not a Adobe customer) so that what you do, benefits you. Some beancounter might do some sums but if the most economic sum ends up raising a storm of protest so you have to do the more expensive solution anyway, you not only wasted time on two approaches, you now have to pay extra for negative publicity.

    If you EVER have to deal with the public, just keep this in mind. If there is a change the cheap plan is going to cause protest, go with the more expensive one. It will be cheaper in the long run.

    Just run both examples here with the more expensive plan from the start.

    Adobe announces patches for its popular Photoshop product free for all version still in use.

    Bioware rewards long standing customers with a free month as thanks for their support.

    Hoora's all around, what good chaps these megacorps really are.

    PR, it is really simple once you stop listening to the beancounters.

  • by Anonymous Coward

    What the hell is up with company's lately..
    At&t ceo is 'losing sleep because he gave unlimited data, and imessage is taking away from his text plans"
    Now a company not wanting to take care of their own coding issues.

    Face up and deal with it. You should always support at least 2 versions, especially when the new version was released what less then a month ago?
    With that logic, car manufacture's should stop making break pads, windshield wipers, etc once they release the next years model to force you to buy

  • Ok, so since this backtracking happens frequently now there
    are only a couple modalities that can be occurring here.

    1) Companies really ARE that stupid and greedy.

    2) See #1, but not stupid... they are being sly and try to see how much they can get away with til backlash happens.

    More and more... I'm starting to believe it's the second one.

    -AI

    Shakespeare nor I mean any disrespect to any danes.

The Tao is like a glob pattern: used but never used up. It is like the extern void: filled with infinite possibilities.

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