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Music Media

Computer DJ Uses Biofeedback to Mix 217

srand writes "So some scientists at HP developed this AI to mix new music tracks for dancers based on biofeedback from the clubbers. The clubbers are each given a heart monitor, which sends information to the DJ through a wireless link. The DJ itself mixes music using genetic algorithms to find the tracks the audience likes best. The tracks are the "genes", and feedback from the audience determines the fitness levels of the genes." I still think generative music has a lot of potential, although I'd love an intermediate step where some sort of biofeedback picked MP3s based on your mood.
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Computer DJ Uses Biofeedback to Mix

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  • by ElDuque ( 267493 ) <adw5@nospAm.lehigh.edu> on Thursday November 15, 2001 @12:11PM (#2569095)
    ...a USB mood ring?
  • by Flakeloaf ( 321975 ) on Thursday November 15, 2001 @12:11PM (#2569096) Homepage
    ...but if some of the dancers are on ecstasy you might want to take steps to protect your subwoofer :)
    • by onion2k ( 203094 ) on Thursday November 15, 2001 @12:37PM (#2569264) Homepage
      Still, if someone died it'd probably go respectfully quiet..

    • 1. Clubber takes ecstacy which causes increased heart rate.
      2. Software monitors heart rate, which causes music to increase in tempo.
      3. Increase in tempo causes ecstasy-fueled dancer to gyrate more wildly, resulting in an increase in heart rate.
      4. Go to step 2.

    • Actually the heart monitor sounds like a good idea for this very recent. I live in Amsterdam and recently there have been a number of cases of people taking too much e and dying. Having a heart-monitor would have probably prevented these deaths.

      However, such a system should be anonymous, and should not be used by the club to track who takes drugs and who doesn't.
      • If it's anonymous, how you going to get the medics to the right person? Get on the PA and announce "Someone here has a dangerously high heartrate. If you feel like you're about to die, please see a medic immediatly"?
  • Since many airplay charts are based on what DJ's play, and the DJ's finally figures out, that we don't like plagerized cloned music, maybe the record companies will stop producing it ...

    wait ... it's comming to me ... no they won't - they'll just increase advertising for it, and blame fileswapping for falling sales.
    • by brunes69 ( 86786 ) <`gro.daetsriek' `ta' `todhsals'> on Thursday November 15, 2001 @12:34PM (#2569247)

      Man, record companies aren't stupid. They're out to make as much money as possible. To do this, they need ot sell the greatest numbr of records as possible. To do this, they have to cater to the majority. Which is what they do. When are you people going to realize that statements like "we don't like plagerized cloned music" are blatently false, at leat when tlaking about the majority of the population. This type music IS what the majority like, thats why they make so much of it. If people didn't like this stuff, it wouldn't sell, and they'd stop making it. It's that simple.

      And no, its not because "Well thats the only stuff they put out nowadays, so poeple have to like it". THats also totaly false. There is tons of music out here. Most people choose Pop music. It's that simple.

      • Most people choose Pop music. It's that simple.

        Most people choose that moronic music because they're brainwashed to buy it. The airwaves are saturated with idiotic catchy tunes like Hanson, the Spice Girls, N'Sync, etc... That gets into people's subconcious and sticks there telling them that they need to listen to it all the time, and not just when the radio plays it.

        Do you think any of these records will have anything more than a historic value 10, 30 years from now? I'm still rocking out to Led Zep, CCR, and Jimi - because they made music, not something that will sell more McDonald's happy meals.

        If you want a choice, then support the alternatives, listen to college radio, or live365, or better yet - get the permission for some local artists' recordings, and host your own radio show, then tell people about it.

  • This is interesting (Score:5, Interesting)

    by MisterQueue ( 173254 ) on Thursday November 15, 2001 @12:14PM (#2569110) Homepage
    But it sounds as though it would be pandering to one's audience rather than creating something new. I mean isn't most music about creating something meaningful to you in the hopes that it connects with someone else? If you tailor the music over a period of time to what your audience responds best to then isn't this just pablum. It's like what most record companies do when they create new mainstream music, pick the most watered down flavours to get the biggest appeal.

    I don't know, maybe I just need to get more sleep

    -Q
    • by ebh ( 116526 )
      That works on two levels. Yes, you can pander, and a lot of top-40 clubs do that. But there is a sort of feedback loop between a DJ and the dance floor, and the DJ is constantly reading this to decide what track will work best next. Very few DJs can get away with "I'm going to play this and you're going to like it," but a DJ doesn't have to be a human jukebox either.
  • this + csound = fun (Score:2, Interesting)

    by cheesyfru ( 99893 )
    I'd love to see what some of the CSound [bright.net] hackers to do with this. CSound is basically a programming language for sound and music, where you define the sound of the instruments as well as what they play programmatically. Take a lisp program to analyze these results and write csound scripts in real time, and you've got a recipe for fun!
  • Love/Hate? (Score:3, Insightful)

    by ebh ( 116526 ) <ed.horch@org> on Thursday November 15, 2001 @12:15PM (#2569119) Journal
    I wonder how it'll distinguish positive from negative reactions. Think of blown mixes, a jungle track sneaking into a trance set, etc., versus something really good brilliantly mixed, or (in a more mainstream club setting) a really popular track being played.
    • I don't know why, but I just had this horrible vision of the riff from "1998" being played over and over and over and over ...

      - j
  • Since a "clubber" would eventually tire of that music, and their excitement would wain, this would result in a pretty spiffy ever changing music. Because they would show excitement in ever changing tastes. That does sound coooo
  • by Tsar ( 536185 ) on Thursday November 15, 2001 @12:16PM (#2569125) Homepage Journal
    Wouldn't it favor people with high blood pressure? Seems like the songs that young, fit people like would drop to the bottom of the playlist, and the three geriatrics in the establishment would hear all their big-band faves bubbling to the top.
  • of using biofeedback to choose an mp3 based on your mood: select the appropriate song from a list with your mouse. Sometimes geeks are just *too* geeky.
    • Yes, I do this a lot, and it works just fine. But this is for places with a lot of people, where it would take a long time to, say, vote on everyone's favorite song. Or what if the person with the mouse likes really old country music where people regularly exclame "Yipee!"? You might have some problems. The downside is that you might have to strap a biometric thingy to yourself before listening to music.

      You're right; it is really geeky.


  • This could be awesome for clubbers! There is a lot more to DJing than just keeping beats in-time when mixing. It is a lot harder to 'read' the croud and put on the right tune at the right time, to either build 'em up or chill 'em out.

    IMHO, there are only a handful of DJ's who can do this - people like the late Ron Hardy who used to play at The Music Box in Chicago, for example. I might even start going back to clubs if this technology works!
  • by Xzzy ( 111297 ) <sether@@@tru7h...org> on Thursday November 15, 2001 @12:19PM (#2569148) Homepage
    Exactly how advanced is this AI? I read the article a day or two ago and the thing failed to really go into many details, nor provide samples of what this AI can produce. Does the AI fall into "traps" where music becomes too repetitive? Or is it unable to progress from one sound to the next, creating unsettling shifts in music that a human will find distasteful?

    Because it seems to me that making music is just a wee bit more involved than having a massive library of sound bites, picking one of them with a rand() function, tossing it into the loop, and waiting for people to react. I could see the AI painting itself into a corner if it only lets itself pick tunes that don't generate a negative value.

    In other words, this AI is going to have to be able to compose interesting tunes or else all the flash and glory of reacting to humans is gonna be a flop.

    If the AI has implemented some form of SOUNDEX for music files, then I could see it working. Like if the audience was really grooving to artist X, it could pick a similar song from artist Y, rather than just plugging in another song that artist X created and hoping people like it.

    Not slamming the project too much though. It is quite cool and spawns all kinds of neat questions that would be a heap of fun to answer.
  • "The Diamond Age" (Score:2, Insightful)

    by hex23 ( 201850 )
    Wasn't there something like this in Stephenson's "The Diamond Age"? There was a band whose music was changed by the way the audience felt at the time.
  • I really like this song! I'm going to run around in circles!

    This is my favorite song! Time to hyperventilate1

    Serioiusly, though, this would be cool if it was easier to biometrically track things like heartbeat. If I went to a party, I wouldn't want to have some odd biometric device that could alert someone if I was having a "moment" with a pretty girl.

  • Often wondered if such a thing could be done -- now that it can, it will be interesting to see where it goes...

    • the only result of this new technology i can see will be more bad trance music :)

      Any technology that uses this kind of input as averages from a group output average or mediocre music. there is already plenty of mediocre dance music out there.

      i like the idea, but i only see more stupid drumroll buildups and more stupid ethereal breakowns as a result.
      • ...you'd hear more dull 2-step? ;)

        I hear what you're saying, but I'd be more interested in seeing this as an additive, rather than replacement for, DJing in clubs. Ultimately the key to having it work is the core notion of 'taste' or aesthetic judgment.

        Oh, what the fuck. Bring on the DrudgeDrools2002 and slap that cunt silly!

  • what really makes a DJ a really good DJ is his hability to mix and choose good music, I dont think a good DJ will use this technology it doesnt make sense, thats whats DJing is all about choosing and listening, not having a machine telling him what music to play.

    thats my opinion,

    http://www.mp3.com/bios
    • It would be neat to see it used as a sort of barometer for the dj to measure the reactions of the audience to the mix.

      Reminds me of a technology used in the book Interface [amazon.com] by stephen bury (aka neil stephenson) - where a politician was using these sort of mood measuring wristwatches to gauge different population segments' reaction to his speeches AND feed the input back into the politician in realtime.

      (brilliant premise, though the book was only so-so.)
  • by Quizme2000 ( 323961 ) on Thursday November 15, 2001 @12:22PM (#2569171) Homepage Journal
    The reason a lot of people cram into warehouses thousands at a time is dance, listen, but also because the DJ too. Hmmm DJ "heartbeat" or Paul Okenfold. Also what the DJ mixes charges is damn near an art form, the really good ones can deliever quite an experience. We have seen purly computer generated/AI "art" before, imagine having to listen to it at 300Db. Plus I don't think a wireless HB moniter is going to match my leopard pattern leather pants and sparkly vest.

    (no, I don't use drugs at raves)
    • (no, I don't use drugs at raves)


      I do!

      But what a good DJ does _is_ an art form. S/he _creates_ the mood as well as responds to it. A good DJ can lift an audience, make them rise and fall as s/he pleases. And then there is the issue of individual taste. The music selection of each DJ is driven by personal taste, experience, imagination and style; not merely a function of the audience.


      More interestingly. the drug selection(s) of the crowd can affect (their hearbeat and so) this product's algorithm in interesting ways. And since different people 'peak' at different times, there'll be no convergence by the algorithm. It'll be akin to disk thrashing! :-)

    • No kidding! And at its best, a DJ set isn't just some positive feedback loop anyway. Part of the experience is that the DJ can make emotionally intuitive yet logically jarring changes in musical direction that have nothing to do with "wow, if they like A, they'll really like B!"

      Then again, it would be interesting to set this up against richie hawtin and see who could tell the difference :)
    • Everyone seems to be obsessed with talking about how DJ's will never be replaced because of their flow and their artistry. "A computer will pander to the audience, play only what they want to hear, and never have such epic progressions or varied styles!"

      Bullshit.

      Artistry or not, DJ'ing consists of the following:
      - a library of songs/tricks/skills
      - knowledge of what songs work with what
      - tailoring predefined progressions toward your audience

      Now, most DJ's as artists tend to not even think about this. Something just instantly feels right, so that's what goes on next. But really, it feels right because they know that it's going to compliment the current song, the current mood, and will lead to someplace where the DJ is similarly comfortable.

      Just because the crowd doesn't expect it doesn't mean the DJ doesn't either. (Triple negative, woohoo!)

      My point is, DJ'ing comes down to making decisions based upon some sets of knowledge. I think it is very possible for a computer to mimic this. A library of songs is easy to build. A reference of what songs work well with others is possible, both through a DJ's input, or noting how a crowd responded to the two mixed together weighted by the rest of the mood of that session. A list of progessions that generated certain moods is possible. Mutations upon those to cause those "sudden unexpected surprises" is possible.

      And yes, I DJ. With that thing called vinyl.
  • by shaka ( 13165 )
    I am a DJ and run a few clubs of my own.
    Lately, people request more and more songs each day, and sometimes I want to ask them if they would like it better to have a jukebox standing in a corner so they canjust choose their favorites all night long.

    I'm not particularly fond of the idea of a DJ as a "teacher" or style nazi either, but some guests are so stupid and persistent so you just want to punch them in the face.

    After some thought though, if you pick a good playlist maybe this would work, but I have serious problems with the idea of replacing club/radio DJs with computers and playlists.

    Now I don't remember what it was that I wanted to say with this rant... =)
  • This might not be so great. What if you're trying to woo somebody and Marvin Gaye starts singing "Let's Get It On?"

    Reminds me of the part in the Diamond Age where they discuss the philosophy of makeup, and how mood-responsive cosmetics are a bad idea.
  • Every dance song comprises a number of different tracks, such as drum patterns, bass lines, keyboard hooks and vocals. To create a song, the HPDJ chooses tracks from a large library and then modifies and overlays them, based on the vibe coming from the dance floor

    Are those traks randomly generated? Probably not - it would result in too much trash, which gets us to the next question: if they get those tracks from copyrighted sources, who owns the resuling music? Are they even allow to extract things from other songs?
  • Yeah (Score:3, Interesting)

    by nanojath ( 265940 ) on Thursday November 15, 2001 @12:26PM (#2569195) Homepage Journal
    Mistake number one is calling this "AI." I think the bar for that title is a tad higher, no? Mistake number two is calling this news. People have been diddling with useless biofeedback toys for decades; big deal. You can also buy goggles that give you a reveletory visual experience while you listen to Led Zeppelin. Self-assembling nanoelectronic components are being synthesized, the fundamental thermodynamic nature of DNA is being parsed, and we get this. Does Slashdot need a science editor? Now, maybe they could hook the thing up to 911 so paramedics would be rushed to the scene when another stupid raver took 5X the sensible dosage of yohimbe and collapsed. THAT would be news
    • by Hast ( 24833 )
      AI is a very wide field. Generally genetic algorithms and neural networks are but into it. As well as game playing, searching and logic. (And basically each book / course on the topic is different.)

      Actually very few people which work with AI actually work with making computers "think". Most people work with trying to replace a specific subset of human intelligence. (Naturally you can do AI things without imitating human intelligence, just generally flashy stuff is good too. ;-)

      In this case a DJ is imitated. (Most likely not as well as a good DJ. But the mere geek factor is enough to do it if you ask me. ;-)
    • Re:Yeah (Score:5, Insightful)

      by Erasmus Darwin ( 183180 ) on Thursday November 15, 2001 @12:49PM (#2569339)
      "Mistake number one is calling this "AI." I think the bar for that title is a tad higher, no?"

      No. Just as the term "virtual reality" is applied to a lot more than just perfectly immersive, Matrix-like systems, "aritificial intelligence" has a much wider scope than just HAL-like systems capable of understanding human speech and providing coherent, intelligent replies.

      One example of part of the AI field that isn't close to the movie-like image of AI is the expert system. At its simplest, it's a bunch of yes/no questions about a given topic. An answer to each question leads to either a new question or a conclusion. A classic application of this system is a guessing game that operates somewhat similar to 20 questions -- the user picks something and the expert system asks questions in an effort to guess what it is. If the system fails, it prompts the user for a new question to add to the tree that incorporates the new data item. All of this is trivial for anyone with even rudimentry programming experience to implement, it's not especially profound, and it'll never pass the Turing test, but it is a legitimate part of the AI field.

      This dance system, as near as I can tell, seems to be way ahead of such a cut and dried expert system. It's using genetic algorithms to assemble music based on feedback from users. That sounds like AI any way you slice it. Sure the system isn't a conscious, self-aware entity, but that's just a small bit of the AI field (and most likely won't be realized for a long, long time).

  • Counter productive (Score:1, Interesting)

    by Anonymous Coward
    If the track sounds so awful that people cannot get into it, they may wander off to the bar or dance less enthusiastically, says Cliff. So HPDJ will then try to improve the music, experimenting with different beats and bass lines, or speeding up the tempo in a bid to coax more people back onto the dance floor.

    For this reason, this will never catch on as intended. You DO NOT want people dancing.. You DO want them at the bar, spending money.

    This will get warped by the business side of clubbing, and statistical analysis/data mining will be done to 'tide' people to the bar at regular intervals.. Beats will be ramped up to create and maintain thirst, so that profit can be optimized.

    When in doubt, follow the money.

  • by szyzyg ( 7313 ) on Thursday November 15, 2001 @12:29PM (#2569213)
    One thing I'm guessing this won't do is select new tracks and classify them - A large part of being a DJ is shoppping for new records and only picking the ones which will work. I'm guessing that without the audience research this system needs to be primed in advance.

    Then there's teh showmanship part of DJ'ing, cutting up tracks live, giving the audience the rewind, scratching..... There will always be art in DJ'ing.

    DJ S&M
  • The idea is cool, but I don't think it will work very well. Other more ad-hoc methods would probably be better.

    Evlutionary Algorithms in general need a lot of iterations with large populations to work. I will believe that the feedback in the situation described will have some time delay of several seconds at least. And the pattern of music presented will have to last for much longer if it is intended to build up the mood of people, since this is something that depends on more than just the music of the last seconds.

    But maybe the laws of statistic will help in the way that the amont of people visiting a club will be large enough to make the group of peoples reaction to music similar from one night till the next. Then this project could be ran for many nights and over time create good patterns.

    I do not believe Evolutionary Algorithms is a good way of DJ'ing though.

    If at first the idea is not absourd, then there is no hope for it.
  • GAs are really cool. They can solve really hard problems with complex non-linear relationships that are hard to express for other techniques. For anyone who's interested I'd suggest the following books:

    David Goldberg's "Genetic Algorithms" [amazon.com] is a classic.
    John Koza's Genetic Programming [amazon.com] represents the next step in adaptive computing.

  • by chrysalis ( 50680 ) on Thursday November 15, 2001 @12:33PM (#2569235) Homepage
    When you go to a club, you don't want to just listen to music. You want to see the DJ. You want to hear HIS playlist. You want to discover his personal scratch combos. We all need some human presence, especially when it comes to party.

    Would you enjoy to watch a soccer match, with only robots, executing programmed tasks? "I bet on this team, they probably used 23248234 as a salt for their number generator, it's better than 232488, that has a bug line 8723" . Would it be great?

    You go to a party to be surprised, to discover something. The DJ changes the music according to dancers feeling, that's right. But dancers feeling also depends on the DJ's work.

    Why is Carl Cox a great DJ? Because he does basic beat-matching? No. Carl Cox is fantastic because he plays with the dancers. He smiles, he jokes, he has a wonderful human communication, even without speaking. Why is Qbert a great DJ? Because when you see him, it's just as if he had 10 hands, or as if your eyes were too slow to follow the movements. Can you feel this with a stupid computer playing MP3s?

    I work as a house and hip-hop DJ in Paris, France. People have fun listening to my music because I'm playing with kiddy songs, sometimes to "comment" what's happening on the dancefloor with funny sentences. I'm sometimes scratching on Dragonball Z over kicking funk house, just for fun. People don't expect that (so the HP computer won't do that), but they like it a lot. Once again, a stupid computer won't do this.

    Computers are handy for a lot of stuff. But please, don't bring us a robot society. Keep some human feeling, or you will kill the fun.

    • We all need some human presence, especially when it comes to party


      Perhaps that's why no one likes to play computer games. Games like Doom or Quake, for instance. Ever heard of them?

    • I dunno... BATTLEBOTS [battlebots.com] is dead cool to watch, though it's too much RC and not enough AI for my liking.

    • Would you enjoy to watch a soccer match, with only robots, executing programmed tasks?

      I suppose that live musicians said the same when dance halls were becominng "discotheques".
    • Now this is one of those points that should have a +6, if there were such a beast.

      The whole point of a DJ is do do new things. Sure, you could program a few random tricks into the machine, but if the people are unanimously "in favour "of something, then it's more likely to happen. I'm a really big fan of going out to the clubs (when the opportunity arises) just to hear what the DJ has to play. If I want to hear what the crowd (note: small, western-Canadian city) wants I'll just turn on the top 40 or go to Ryly's and hear the same old mainstream crap.

      I'm one of the opinion that a DJ should entertain and make you think at the same time. The best (and I'm adding Timo Maas to the list) can take something you'd never thought of or play something new and end up with something so amazing that it sticks in your head and you wonder how you ever lived without it. You just can't get that sophisticated with a computer. If I ever have some spare time to get back at it, it'll be with good, old-fashioned vinyl and a couple decks, not my computer.
  • I hope this is more profitable than the Calculator division HP just disbanded.
  • by mystery_bowler ( 472698 ) on Thursday November 15, 2001 @12:33PM (#2569240) Homepage
    ...but when the wife and I do get away for an evening so that we may get our collective groove on, I always find the music to be more exciting when the DJ lays out a track that I wasn't expecting but works well anyway. I get bored when the same general tempo and melody get rehashed for too longer, which is my main beef against techno/dance music in the first place. (It must not make that much of a difference when you're high on ecstacy :) ) I'm supposing that a system like this would continue playing similar tracks until a general majority of an audience has a negative response to it. But what then? Does it read that everyone is stopping dancing, so it had better switch gears to a slow song? When the best DJs I've been around notice the crowd slowing down, they might throw on something mellow for a bit, but they're moreso busy trying to find the next P-H-A-T phat hook to get people back on the floor.

    But I could see this as a pretty neat technology in office waiting areas. If you have to wait around, it would probably be a more tolerable experience if the music system could know what type of mood and guage your response to the current music (or musak as it most likely is).

    I suppose it would be pretty cool for home use, too. I don't know if I'd pay for it or not (I don't have that much need for constant background noise), but having a home audio system that could detect my mood and response and play music accordingly would be awfully sweet.

    • by mystery_bowler ( 472698 ) on Thursday November 15, 2001 @12:38PM (#2569272) Homepage
      Man, I wish I had read all the way through the article before posting...*grin*

      Pardon the vulgarity, but the part about leaving the club with the music you helped create sounds just too fucking sweet. I'd club every free weekend if that were an available service in my area.

    • excuse me, but what is the attraction of techno music? are real instruments and musical skill too "20th century" for you techno bigots?
      • Not at all. Most of the music I enjoy is of the rock or jazz variety (Weezer, Ben Folds, Squirrel Nut Zippers, etc) and is created with more traditional instruments.

        As a matter of fact, I don't own a single techno CD and have very few (less than 10) techno MP3s on my hard drive. I'm only really exposed to techno when I'm out in the club scene, which is a rarity these days.

        As far as comparing the HPDJ to "musical skill", I don't think it can ever been said that AI, no matter how complex, is as creative as a human being. As far as "creating" music goes, this technology will probably never have a creative application in the world of professional music. It is most useful for presenting music that humans have composed and gauging reaction. Almost as a bonus it can do the cross-fading DJs employ to keep the music going non-stop.

        But for small-to-mid-size clubs who want to keep the music interesting without having to depend on human DJs (who need breaks, cancel appearances, etc), it could be useful.

  • Since it monitors every individual, if someone suddenly has a heart attack, the DJ would be notified....

    Think of situation A:
    Normal club, loud music, drunken confused people wonder what man is doing slumped in chair... prolly drunk too..

    Situation B:
    Dj sees a flatline... Assumes someone took their wristband off... ok, no difference. Unless there was some foolproof way of knowing if its on or off...

    If you could also tell if its on or off, and gurantee this to the DJ, you have situation C:
    Um, music stops, someone's heart just stopped.

    LOL no, anyway. just thoughts.
  • by rkent ( 73434 ) <rkent@post.ha r v a r d . edu> on Thursday November 15, 2001 @12:37PM (#2569262)
    The clubbers are each given a heart monitor, which sends information to the DJ through a wireless link.

    This just in: revolutionary new Hearing(tm) technology lets a human DJ bypass the heart monitoring gear altogether and play records based on vocal responses from clubgoers.
  • As a dj and turntablist [only by hobby currently] myself, as well as a discriminating fan of dance music, I find myself with the perspective of whoever would be spinning music for the kids on the floor. Not that i do not understand that there is a time and a place; sometimes, people are only looking for a beat, and are not interested in 'integrity of performance.' Yet, I feel closely connected enough to have conern for what i consider an art. A simple dj is not actually laying tracks live, but a good one is still creating original music out of the fundamental music.

    I guess this is just one more reason to save the vynil - AI has not quite developed the skills to spin the real stuff!

  • by wbav ( 223901 )
    Wasn't that how Britney Spears was made? Oh, no never mind, that was sugery.
  • Imagine a psychological therapy with a biofeedback tuned to give the patient music that will help his or her mood. Similar to bringing yourself out of a funk with progressively "happier" music.

    Now imagine an improperly set chip sending a minimally depressed person into a spiralling downturn ending in suicide.

    And then imagine "A Clockwork Orange," "1984," "Brave New World." ...etc. We give a lot of power to our silicon interfaces (whatever form they may take) Nevertheless where does our control of the situation end, and someone/thing else's begin?

  • although I'd love an intermediate step where some sort of biofeedback picked MP3s based on your mood

    Ummm. Why is state of mind necessarily linked to state of body? Sometimes when I'm tired I want more soothing music, but then sometimes I want some serious jazz. Other times when I'm tired I want Beethoven. How is a computer supposed to tell the moods in my head when ostensibly my body is simply saying it's tired?
  • Until the couple making love in a dark corner ruin it for everyone :-)
  • Or rather, has ASCAP demanded the publishing and the RIAA the distribution rights yet?
    If not, give it a few days. They'll make your heartbeat the next Britney Spears...
  • A co-worker of mine turned me on to Mood Logic [moodlogic.net]. It is a program that allows the profiling of an MP3 file based on its sonic signature. Profiling is done via user input. Auto profiliing via net database of profiled songs. A user it then able to filter their MP3 collection by tempo, mood, artist, date, genre, or a collection of the above criteria. ID3 tag fixing is another perk. Very nice integration with WinAmp.

    OK, now for the drawbacks.
    1.) No ogg support, although it has been requested and acknowledged.
    2.) Windows only.
    3.) Proprietary sonic profiling algorithm.

    I have been using this on a Win98 machine at home and I am impressed so far.
  • This is very cool, and has the geek portion of my brain getting excited. However, I don't think it's anywhere near what a good DJ can do. I love a great DJ who can read the people, and cary you on a trip throughout the whole night of dancing. Er, I think I just said way too much about myself. You don't have to be an etard to love techno or dancing. You just need large amounts of RedBull and vodka. ;P
  • MP3's (Score:2, Funny)

    by ThePilgrim ( 456341 )
    If this stuff is going to be used to pick MP3's based on mood, I think we'll see a lot more suiside attempts.

    Do you realy want a Smiths album when you are allready fealling depressed
  • Non-gradient based optimization techniques such as genetic algorithms typically require many, many iterations, trying many different genetic combinations over many "generations" before obtaining an "optimal" solution. Are club-goers to be subjected to hours of crappy music in order for the computerized DJ to figure out what the crowd likes?
    • That's not required. One way of training GP and GA systems without inflicting it on other people, would be to run the system alongside a real DJ:

      Each of the GAs could get to choose a few tracks, and the DJ chooses a few tracks. After a few tracks, the GAs are assigned fitness values based on whether they match the DJs choice, choose a track from the same album, same artist or same genre (or any other criteria you think are relevant). Then you generate a new generation of GAs, and repeat.

      If the DJ has a clear style, and you do your programming right, the GAs should converge on choosing music relatively close to what the DJ would choose in the same circumstances, and their fitness would increase.

      Obviously, if used alongside a crappy DJ, this would generate GAs that would make equally crappy choices.

  • I can think of a couple of ways this could be useful. First, a DJ should have some idea of what they want to make the crowd feel. If a fuzzy genetic algorithm told him something about the emotions of the crowd based upon heart signals (for instance, everyone is roughly "excited"), he might have an idea of what to play next to make everyones experience more entertaining. As a sound technician (which is in no way a DJ, but still has similar attributes), I have noticed that I can do my job best with as much information as possible. At best, this has includes hearing the mix before effects are added, hearing it after, seeing the (amplitude of sound) levels for each channel being mixed, and seeing frequency responses from a real time analyzer. Walking around the room to listen to the sound in various locations also helps. I imagine if I had biofeedback, I could do an even better job of making everything what the audience wants to hear.

    It might also help (though minimally) in the design of certain types of music. If you haven't heard, disco is usually set to a tempo which is roughly the speed of the human heartbeat based upon the theory that it makes it more exciting, and a lot of modern pop has encorporated elements of disco. In addition, consider that the Mozart's music is very similar to a mapping of neuronal firings in the brain, including (remarkably) the same fractal dimension, and it has been proven to increase the spacial and temporal reasoning skills temporarily (the Mozart effect).
    This could be wrong, but biological theories are a starting point for many kinds of music. Good stuff could come out of this! The real problem that is not being considered is that music is something of a context sensitive language, with lingual rules. Generating music with just a computer must necessarily be a simple subset(because creation in the context sensitive case is NP-hard). Therefore, it will be a tool for people to use, rather than a solution of itself, for a long time.
  • This reminds me a lot of a particular scene in "The Diamond Age", where Miranda is in the club with the flashing dragonfly lapel pins, which pick up on your mood and the audience basically composed the music, moving along in time with whatever the dancers were doing.

    I'm surprised no one else picked up on that. Hrm.
  • Fractal Music (Score:2, Insightful)

    The Grateful Dead used to do this song called "Space". Similar tunes were "Feedback" and "Drumz". Real freaky things with eletronic music. The Dead were also big into MIDI.

    The last Dead show I saw, in 1995, right before Garcia died, I saw a computer monitor just off the stage, hooked up to all the midi shit and the soundboard. When the band played Space, it was like no other space that had ever been played -- I swear to christ it was fractal music. The music began to play itself, the band stopped playing and left the stage and it began playing NEW patterns, not just ordinary guitar feedback. It would have never stopped. In fact, it continued during the whole intermission, always generating new patterns. Finally they just killed the sound.

    Ordinary fractal pictures take a complex valued function, and assign different colors to it based on its closeness to zero. What they had done was map the function onto different MIDI instruments and notes, sound instead of colors. Then they seeded it with their own playing, and took off.

    It blew my fucking mind wind open.
  • ...since most DJs I know spin vinyl, not MP3s.

    As an amateur DJ (and mixtape maker ever since I got my first AM/FM radio/cassette combo when I was eight), this technology leaves me cold. The art of a good mix is to have a definite flow in mind beforehand. You lead your audience through a series of moods and textures and try to leave them thrilled with the journey. Remember -- if it was up to the crowd, they'd instinctively reach for the records they already have on their bookshelves at home, since that's all they know. A good DJ is a teacher, or a tour guide.

    And, while I'm at it -- wristwatches for the biometry? They'd have better luck if they could embed the sensors in those glowing necklaces that the rave crowd always seems to be wearing...

    • And this precludes leading the audience exactly how? After all, if you want that, all you have to do is modify the fitness function according to how you want to lead people.

      If you think the idea of a good night is to have everyone collapsing after hours and hours of insane heart activity, then maximizing heart rythm would be a good fitness function. If you want to vary the speed and peoples response, then you have the fitness function vary over the course of the night.

      As simple as that.

      It seems as if everyone here assumes that biofeedback absolutely has to be used to have the system maximizing heart rate continuously.

  • When people hear music they like and start dancing, their heart rates increase. HPDJ-9000 realizes this, and generates a faster tempo. The dancers' heart rates speed up more. The music speeds up more. Next thing you know, BAM, the local club looks like Benny Hill, whopping people on the head and kicking pants in super-fast motion; hearts explode, eardrums burst...it'll be chaos!

    Should be one hell of a party though...I'm in.


  • We shouldnt mix technology with art.
    Music is art, no computer program will ever replace a good DJ, or good musician.

    Why even try?
  • Think of MTV. Stupid Boygroups are pushed because there is a majority of people who seem to like it. A computer DJ could produce the same effect. There are always enough people who want to hear the recent hit single of artist X again and again, or more generally spoken: The majority always wants the same kind of music.
    So, a computer DJ might end up playing endlessly some OntheTop-Dancefloor-Trash or whatever the local audience might like. This kind of playing behaviour is actually happening in bad clubs with bad DJ's. - It is not with good DJ's, because they surprise and are innovative. You don't have to care about what the rest of the audience wants to listen to (as you might have to with a computer DJ) because you rely on the DJ, who makes his own unexpected choices.
  • It's nice to see that a new buzzword has emerged to allow people to gloss-over topics they don't get, or aren't willing to desribe in detail. The uses are infinite:

    WSJ: Microsoft's new product uses genetic algorithms to make Windows XP easy to use!

    Programmer: Well, we actually used several perl and php scripts to talk to MySQL to sort and manage user data.

    Marketing document: Our product uses genetic algorithms to sort and manage user data.

    Boss: So how does this program work?

    Me: Well, I take input from the user, run it through a genetic algorithm and the output is what is expected.

    Boss: Great! Ship it!
    • It's nice to see that a new buzzword has emerged to allow people to gloss-over topics they don't get

      Perhaps it only seems that way to you because its a topic you don't understand. The term "genetic algorithm" is FAR from new, genetic algorithm research has been going on for decades (with some machine-learning-related texts dealing with "evolutionary programming" dating back to the 1960s), and the term describes a very specific (and actually somewhat mundane) AI technique. Its not a "general term" being used to describe something that they aren't willing to describe in the article, in fact, its pretty much a certainty that they chose that word precisely because it refers to the *exact technique* being used, and there is no ambiguity in using it if you know what genetic algorithms are [cmu.edu]. Hardly a buzzword.

  • (As an electronic music lover)
    I'd have to say the DJ is over-rated as hell.
    You can scream all you want about the subtleties of reacting to a crowd, but frankly, thats not music-making. Its still playing other peoples songs and taking credit for them. But I digress.

    This link [hp.com] provides background including the paper published concerning the first version of the software (no heartrate - beatmatching, just electronic deejaying)

    • Re:Screw the DJ (Score:2, Insightful)

      by dj_flux ( 66385 )
      You're right - it's not music making, and I think you'll be hard pressed to find an experienced DJ that disagrees with you. What it is, however, is juxtaposing existing music in new and unexpected ways to keep your audience engaged. There are a lot of mediocre DJs out there, (most of the big names even), that simply play anthem after anthem and never really do anything interesting. There are also many who take mixing to the next level and put together sets that keep people on the dance floor. DJs just play records for people. Some are better at it than others, and it's hard to tell the difference if you don't dance.

      That being said, one of the things that separates good DJs from great DJs is the ability to not only read and react to a crowd, but anticipate how a crowd will react to a track that's dissimilar to what's being played - thus creating progression. I don't see that ability in this system.
  • Interesting, what if a fight breaks up in the club? Interesting to hear the beat of that mood
  • Anyone remember... (Score:2, Interesting)

    by jareth ( 124708 )
    Macross Plus? The people at the Sharon Apple (virtuoid idol) concerts were fitted with bracelets that monitored everyone's vitals. The computer people modified the music and lighting to control everyone's mood. By the end of the movie Sharon Apple was able to sorta do mind control on people. This is what I wanna see next time I go to a concert!
  • by androse ( 59759 )

    http://www.sound-hack.org [sound-hack.org]

    http://stub.org [stub.org]

    http://slub.org [slub.org]

    http://kanak.perl.it/music/ [kanak.perl.it]

    http://fals.ch [fals.ch]

  • by Ulwarth ( 458420 ) on Thursday November 15, 2001 @03:25PM (#2570364) Homepage
    I'm a professional club/rave DJ, and I've also been in the "scene" for several years just as a raver, so here's my perspective.

    DJs such as Christopher Lawrence [christopherlawrence.com], Nicholas Bennison [nicholasbennison.com], Sandra Collins will never be replaced by a program like this. The organization of their sets and impeccable taste in tracks can never be replaced by aritifical intelligence. What they do is as much an act of pure human artistry as Mozart or Chopin.

    That said, what _most_ rave/club DJs produce is just a bunch of semi-related tracks beatmatched together in a more or less random order. A program like this could easily match or beat your average human DJ in this regard. Especially because the article specified that the program is mixing together prewritten tracks (I assume written by humans). If it was composing completely from scratch I doubt that it would be very compelling.

    One final point: many people don't realize this, but a big part of what makes rave/club music sound the way that it does is the fact that it's on vinyl. In particular, the sound of two tracks mixing together (mainly the way the waveforms for the bassdrums interact) is very distinct, and a big part of the live DJ sound. You don't get this sound when people are mixing with CDs, you don't get it when performers are playing "live" with synthesizers, and you won't get it from a computer (assuming that it is not using a robotic arm and turntables to play the tracks).
    • One final point: many people don't realize this, but a big part of what makes rave/club music sound the way that it does is the fact that it's on vinyl. In particular, the sound of two tracks mixing together (mainly the way the waveforms for the bassdrums interact) is very distinct, and a big part of the live DJ sound.

      Uh, I don't get it - it there a bandwidth limitation of CDs in comparison with vinyl? At the end of the day, the two analog output signals of a CD and the same work on vinyl should be very similar over a wide band. Which frequencies aren't being represented? Or is there some kind of whack feedback between the speakers and the stylus?

      I find it difficult to believe you can do the same things with CDs you can with vinyl with regard to scratching/dropping "user interface", but I've seen some imrpessive looking CD mixers recently, and I imagine the "user interface" will get better and better.
      • Uh, I don't get it - it there a bandwidth limitation of CDs in comparison with vinyl? At the end of the day, the two analog output signals of a CD and the same work on vinyl should be very similar over a wide band. Which frequencies aren't being represented? Or is there some kind of whack feedback between the speakers and the stylus?

        Yes - what you say is correct. Anyone that says that vinyl is a better representation of the "true" sound is full of crap.

        From a non-technical point of view, I just know that it sounds different. In fact, a good DJ takes advantage of that sound to beatmatch - when the kickdrums are dead on, it gets that special vinyl-only overlapping kickdrum sound. When it's not quite on, you don't hear that.

        I think, though I am not sure, that it has to do with the behavior of the analogue waveform when it caps out. An analogue singal gets "rounded" as it hits peak; a digital signal just cuts off, completely square. Normally this isn't a problem because you're not overloading your signal, but in the special case of two strong kickdrums dead on, you hear it. For me (and many dance music listeners) that sound is very pleasing and very important to the dance music performance.

        When only one song is playing - that is, when you're not in a mix - it doesn't sound any different than a CD. So you could argue that my point is very minor. But it does matter to me.
  • This will be so disheartening to a vast number of artists when the biofeedback tells the DJ what the clubbers REALLY think of some of the music being played today.

    Suddenly tunes that lack any structures of sound such as beat, melody, rhythm or harmony are going to be proven once and for all to be the crap that they are. And poorly written lyrics that aren't in tune, in synch, or lack rhythm AND rhyme are going to throw the music straight out.

    In the end the dancers are going to learn that most of the music they THOUGHT they like, their bodies really don't, and the DJ is going to be left with nothing left to play.

    Finally we won't have to listen to Destiny's Child anymore.

    ...
  • I understood that biofeedback implied that the feed goes back to the measured being, the dancers, thus enabling a self regulating control loop. I'd call this "biotelemetry" or something.
  • While in the Chicago airport recently I thought of something similar, though admitted much simpler. The tunnel that connects the two United terminals (B&C?) has a bunch of neon lights arranged in rainbow patterns that cycle through various blinking patterns. The sound system is playing the "United Airlines Music" while you look at the flashing lights. I suggested to my brother as we calmly rode the people mover (we weren't in a hurry) that it would be interesting to have a system that could monitor the number of people in the tunnel. It could then make the music and the lights change according to the number of people. Lots of people could cause louder, faster music and wildly blinking neon lights while just a few people could cause the system to make the lights and music a much more calming experience. Then you could watch people's reactions to see if the hectic music made a frantic situation even worse. You could also switch the system around and see if you could slow large crowds of people by playing softer, slower music. My brother thought it was an interesting idea but said that you'd probably be sued when some 55 year-old business man came through and had a heart attack due to the extra stress of going through such a tunnel.
  • Do you want it to put on music that matches your mood? Or do you want it to put on music to move you to another mood?

    Imagine a biofeedback mp3 playlist owned by a depressive person that puts on happy music when he's feeling low. Could be one way of looking at it.

    -Kasreyn

  • If the track sounds so awful that people cannot get into it, they may wander off to the bar...

    Actually, the club owner would setup the system such that if *not enough* people are at the bar the music will become awful. I'm half serious here: club owners make their money on selling a rum & coke for $7. It's not in their interest to have people *only* on the dance floor all night.

THEGODDESSOFTHENETHASTWISTINGFINGERSANDHERVOICEISLIKEAJAVELININTHENIGHTDUDE

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